How Hiatal Hernia Is Diagnosed: Tests and Procedures You Should Know

What is a Hiatal Hernia?

A hiatal hernia happens when the upper part of your stomach pushes through the opening in your diaphragm. This opening is called the hiatus. The diaphragm is a muscle that helps you breathe. Normally, your stomach sits below the diaphragm. However, with a hiatal hernia, part of it moves up into your chest. This condition is common, especially in adults over 50. While many people have no symptoms, some may feel discomfort. Understanding hiatal hernia can help you spot signs early and seek help.

Common Symptoms of Hiatal Hernia

Many people with a hiatal hernia do not notice any symptoms. Still, some may experience problems. For example, you might feel heartburn or chest pain. Other symptoms can include:

Frequent heartburn or acid reflux

Chest pain or discomfort

Feeling full quickly after eating

Difficulty swallowing

Regurgitation of food or sour liquid

Shortness of breath, especially after meals

However, these symptoms can also be caused by other conditions. If you notice them often, it is wise to talk to your doctor.

Causes and Risk Factors

Hiatal hernias can develop for several reasons. Sometimes, the muscle tissue around the hiatus becomes weak. As a result, the stomach can push through more easily. Common causes and risk factors include:

Being over 50 years old

Obesity or being overweight

Heavy lifting or straining

Chronic coughing or sneezing

Pregnancy

Injury to the area

Genetic factors or family history

Additionally, some people are born with a larger hiatus. This can make a hiatal hernia more likely.

How Hiatal Hernia is Diagnosed

If you have symptoms, your doctor may suggest tests to confirm a hiatal hernia. First, they will ask about your symptoms and medical history. Then, they may use one or more of these tests:

Barium swallow X-ray: You drink a special liquid, and X-rays show your stomach and esophagus.

Endoscopy: A thin tube with a camera looks inside your esophagus and stomach.

Esophageal manometry: This test checks how well your esophagus moves food.

These tests help your doctor see if you have a hiatal hernia and how severe it is.

Treatment Options for Hiatal Hernia

Treatment for hiatal hernia depends on your symptoms. Many people do not need surgery. Instead, doctors often suggest lifestyle changes and medicines. Common hiatal hernia treatment options include:

Medications: Antacids, H2 blockers, or proton pump inhibitors can reduce acid and ease symptoms.

Lifestyle changes: Eating smaller meals, avoiding spicy foods, and not lying down after eating can help.

Surgery: In rare cases, surgery may be needed if symptoms are severe or if other treatments do not work.

Most people feel better with simple changes and medicine. However, always follow your doctor’s advice for the best results.

Lifestyle Tips and Prevention

While you cannot always prevent a hiatal hernia, some steps can lower your risk. For example, you can:

Maintain a healthy weight

Avoid heavy lifting or straining

Eat smaller, more frequent meals

Stay upright for at least two hours after eating

Raise the head of your bed if you have nighttime symptoms

Quit smoking, as it can worsen symptoms

By following these tips, you may reduce your risk or ease mild symptoms. If you wonder how to prevent hiatal hernia, these steps are a good start.

When to See a Doctor

Sometimes, hiatal hernia symptoms can be serious. For instance, if you have severe chest pain, trouble swallowing, or vomiting blood, seek help right away. Also, if your symptoms do not improve with treatment, talk to your doctor. Early care can prevent problems and help you feel better.

If you have concerns about hiatal hernia, consult a specialist for personalized guidance on hiatal hernia.